शुभ दीपावली

नवम्बर १२, २०२० 

कुछ वर्ष पूर्व दीपावली की स्मृतियों पर लिखा था, हर वर्ष का यही क्रम है, दीपावली आते ही बचपन की अनमोल यादें सतह पर आ जाती हैं -  

आज वो बचपन के दीपावली के दिन याद आ रहे हैं....... 

अम्मा और उनका ऐपण देने के लिए बुलाते रहना,

वो दीयों को पानी में भिगोना,

और पटाखों को दिन भर धूप में सुखाना,

लक्ष्मी जी की मूर्ति बनाने को मम्मी का साथ देना, 

नए कपड़ों को पहनने के लिए मचलना,

लक्ष्मी पूजा के लिए पूरे घर को साथ बुलाना,

दिन भर काले साँप वाली गोलियां जलाना ,

फिर रात को अनार की रोशनी में उछलना, 

सैर करते हुए नानी के घर दिवाली मनाने जाना,

मन भर जाने पर भी एक और मिठाई खाना,

और अगली सुबह पूरे मोहल्ले में दिवाली के खील मिठाई बांटने जाना

आज वो बचपन के दीपावली के दिन याद आ रहे हैं .... 

Rama Navami and Harela

April 2, 2020

Hazaar Rama Temple, Hampi, India

Happy Rama Navami! Happy Harela!

Today is the end of Chaitra Navaratri. I assume for most it had been an interesting Navaratri! Folks in India were fortunate to get a telecast of Ramayana twice a day. What more can one ask in the lockdown? 

Harela is one of our festivals that is celebrated along with the Navratri. On the first day of chaitra navratri, Mustard and Jau (Barley) seeds are sown in a dish with soil and the sprouted plants (called Harela) are then harvested on the Harela day - one day after Rama Navami. Harela is then put behind the ear lobes as a symbol of prosperity. I have been celebrating Harela with this childhood picture for many years now.

Grandmother giving Harela

Without writing my own stories today, I will briefly mention a few shlokas on Lord Rama to ponder. 

Rama Nama

I heard this shloka recently and couldn't stop smiling. This shloka is said to have been recited by a group of tribal hunting folks who lived in the forest.

वने चरामो वसु चाहरामो

नदीस्तरामो न भयं स्मराम: ।

इतिरयन्तो विपिने किराता

मुक्तिं गता रामपदानुषङ्गात् ॥

वने चराम: - we roam in the forest

वसु चाहराम: - we bring wealth

नदीस्तराम: - we cross rivers

न भयं स्मराम: - we know no fear

The word 'Rama' repeats in the shloka. The tribe attained liberation simply by reciting 'Rama' unknowingly and without gaining knowledge. This is similar to Maharshi Valmiki who became maharshi having recited 'Rama' nama by chanting 'Mara-Mara'.

Raghava-Yadhaveeyam

This is an interesting poem by Sri Venkatadhvari. Written with 30 shlokas as 'anulom-volom kavya' (अनुलोम - in natural order, विलोम - in reverse order), this poem has the story of Rama from the Raghu Kula when recited in natural order (as written) and the story of Krishna from Yadava Kula when recited in reverse order. Thus by just writing the 30 shlokas, the composition became 60 shlokas. One of the shloka is mentioned below with its anulom and vilom. One can find others on the internet.

हारिसाहसलंकेनासुभेदी महित: हि सः ।

चारुभूतनुज: राम: अरम् अराधयदार्तिहा ॥ २८॥

Rama, who took away the life of Ravana, the astoundingly brave, the Lord of Sita, the beautiful daughter of the earth, and who destroys the grief of those who resort to him and is honored by all devas.

ह आर्तिदाय धराम् आर मोरा: ज: नुतभू रुचा ।

स: हित: हि मदीभे सुनाके अलं सहसा अरिहा ॥ २८॥

Krishna, who cared for the welfare of Pradhyumna defeated the enemies in heaven, which had elephant like Airavatha, with his bravery and returned to earth.

Hope the devotee in you got invoked with these beautiful shlokas! Happy Rama Navami!

Mahashivratri

February 21, 2020

Shiva at night, Rishikesh, India

Why are we not able to accept mortality with ease? Accepting the ephemerality of life puts one through a test time after time - days, months, years it takes to succeed can vary but it is still a test. Some of the profound words I recently heard said that if mortality was our nature, we would be able to accept it without doubt - but that isn't so! While the mind was still accepting the flow of life and death, Mahashivratri appeared to remind the truth.

Today is Mahashivratri (महा-शिव-रात्रि) - the great night of Shiva. Every lunar month has 2 pakshas (पक्ष) - krishna paksha (dark fortnight, towards new moon - अमावस्या), shukla paksha (bright fortnight, towards full moon - पूर्णिमा). Every krishna paksha's 14th day (चतुर्दशी - day before new moon) is considered as Shivratri. So there are 12 Shivratris in a year. Among these the one in the month of Falgun (फाल्गुन) is called Mahashivratri.

In the common language, this day is considered as the 'wedding' day of Shiva and Parvati. And then it is also considered as the 'birth' day of Shiva. There are many pauranic stories describing the origin of this day. 

Growing up we celebrated Shivratri with fasting on this day and visiting the main Shiva temple in the small town I spent part of my childhood - the Moteshwar mahadev temple. It use to be crowded with visitors from all nearby towns. This was one of those days when everyone in our home would fast. The habit has continued till date. This year I decided to take a day off - a day free from eating, talking, meeting!

Another aspect of Mahashivratri that we saw during childhood was 'Kaanwar' (कांवर) - created from a bamboo stick with cane baskets at both ends. Devotees carry Kaanwar to the holy places like Haridwar where river Ganga flows. Water is brought from river Ganga in cans inside the cane baskets.  People start their journey with their kaanwars long before the Mahashivratri day to travel and get Gangajal (water from river Ganga). They return with the Gangajal before mahashivratri and offer that to Lord Shiva. They travel on foot and by the time they get back home, it is not uncommon to have sores on the soles.

Closing with these words from Adi Shankaracharya's Nirvana Shatakam (निर्वाण षट्कम्) which say, I am none other than Shiva. May you see the truth in you and others. Happy Mahashivratri!

न मृत्युर्न शङ्का न मे जातिभेदः

पिता नैव मे नैव माता न जन्मः ।

न बन्धुर्न मित्रं गुरुर्नैव शिष्यं

चिदानन्दरूपः शिवोऽहम् शिवोऽहम् ॥

Vasant Panchami (बसंत पंचमी)

January 29, 2020

Taken at Half Moon Bay, California

Festivals seems to be coming faster than I thought! It's clear that we Indians don't stop celebrating once we start! Happy Basant Panchami! 

Basant (Vasant - वसन्त in Sanskrit) Panchami is celebrated every year on the Panchami (पञ्चमी तिथि - fifth lunar day from full moon or new moon) of the Shukla Paksha (शुक्ल पक्ष - towards full moon) in the Indian month of Magha (माघ - end of winter and start of the spring). It is the onset of the spring season. Goddess Saraswati is worshiped on this day also initiating devotees into education. 

Mustard starts flowering. The sight of those soon to be dense yellow fields can't be ignored. It's amazing to see the flow of life through these seasons - if there wasn't a fall with all bare trees, there won't be a spring so enjoyable and much awaited. 

Yellow color is also given a lot of importance. Back at home, we were given yellow colored handkerchief on this day by our grandmother. These used to be plain white ones colored yellow in home made color with turmeric. Kids often pin them to their shirt pocket while going to school. We use to make sure we wear yellow colored clothes on this day. Young girls often get their ears and nose pierced on this day. Looks like Kumaoni women love to wear their big traditional nose ring. 

Sitting Holi (called Baithki Holi), a special tradition of Uttarakhand also starts from this day and continues till the Holi festival. Time is spent gathering, singing traditional holi songs with traditional musical instruments. 

Wishing you a very Happy Basant Panchami with this beautiful poem by famous Hindi poet Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'. It beautifully describes how the glory of Spring is connected to the Monsoon behind it:

राजा वसन्त वर्षा ऋतुओं की रानी

लेकिन दोनों की कितनी भिन्न कहानी

राजा के मुख में हँसी कण्ठ में माला

रानी का अन्तर द्रवित दृगों में पानी

डोलती सुरभि राजा घर कोने कोने

परियाँ सेवा में खड़ी सजा कर दोने

खोले अंचल रानी व्याकुल सी आई

उमड़ी जाने क्या व्यथा लगी वह रोने

लेखनी लिखे मन में जो निहित व्यथा है

रानी की निशि दिन गीली रही कथा है

त्रेता के राजा क्षमा करें यदि बोलूँ

राजा रानी की युग से यही प्रथा है

नृप हुये राम तुमने विपदायें झेलीं

थी कीर्ति उन्हें प्रिय तुम वन गयीं अकेली

वैदेहि तुम्हें माना कलंकिनी प्रिय ने

रानी करुणा की तुम भी विषम पहेली

रो रो राजा की कीर्तिलता पनपाओ

रानी आयसु है लिये गर्भ वन जाओ

Makar Sankranti-Ghughutia

January 13, 2020

Received through a WhatsApp message

Makar Sankranti is probably the most familiar name for this time of the year. Others like Pongal, Bhogi, Lohri all just follow it. Ghughutia is how it is called in our home Uttarakhand in India.

What is Makar Sankranti? मकर संक्रान्ति - Makar (मकर) means Capricorn. Sankranti (संक्रान्ति) in general means transition, change of direction. Makar Sankranti is when the Sun progresses into the Capricorn zodiac attributing to the movement of Earth. Thus in Indian culture, we have 12 Sankrantis corresponding to each zodiac. We also consider Uttaraayan (उत्तरायण - उत्तर + अयन) to start from Makar Sankranti. Uttara (उत्तर) means North and Ayan (अयन) means movement or progress (Progress of sun towards the north). Sun progresses northward towards Tropic of Cancer during the next 6 months that is when the Karka Sankranti happens leading Sun into Dakshinaayan (दक्षिणायन).

Makar Sankranti brings a change of seasons, harvest season arrives, days tend to get longer, the weather gets warmer and in Uttarakhand, the migratory birds start returning to the hills. Even today, people in Uttarakhand say that the cold will go away after Makar Sankranti. Makar Sankranti and the whole Uttaraayan period also have great significance with one's spiritual journey. We have a close relationship with the Sun. If we can understand the Sun and its relation with everything around, we can understand our relationship with everything associated with us including our mind, etc. The Gayatri Mantra associated with the Sun is also where one seeks wisdom and enlightenment. Though any time is good to make progress, this particular time is considered specifically good to make spiritual progress.

Makar Sankranti is celebrated all over India (and in some Asian countries too) in some form or the other. The celebrations may differ but the underlying theme is the same. In Uttarakhand, Makar Sankranti is celebrated both in the form of Uttaraayan and Makar Sankranti - Ghughutia or Kale Kauva (काले कौवा or black crow). Uttaraayani fairs are held across different towns. I remember going for it a few times at our local center for cultural activities - Parvatiya Sanskritik Utthana Manch (पर्वतीय संस्कृतिक उत्थान मंच) in Haldwani.

For Makar Sankranti, people across Uttarakhand make sweets out of sweetened flour, typically with jaggery and deep-fried in ghee. There are a number of things that are cooked:

• Ghughute - though all the shapes are called Ghughute this is the main one which is Ghughuta. This is made in a specific twisted crossover shape.

Deep-fried Ghughute

• Special Ghughuta for the crow - this one is made especially for crow.

Special Ghughuta for crow

• Various shapes - flower, sword, shield, damru, chakri (spiral), khajoor (dates).
• Gudpare - Usual square or diamond-shaped sweets
• Bade - Made with urad daal and are salty with a hole in the center

Ghughute and different shapes

Once the deep-fried Ghughute are ready, garlands are made with these by adding dry fruits (specifically fox nuts - मखाना and raisins - किशमिश) and fruit (usually an orange) in the center along with them. The garlands are then hung on the wall or kept someplace safe.  They look like the ones in the cartoon picture above.

The next day in the morning, kids wear their garlands, go on the rooftop of the house and call the crow to feed its Ghughuta and seek blessings. One can hear neighborhood kids also doing the same. Kids sing a specific song to call the crows. 

The song in Kumaoni:

काले कौवे काले घुघूती माला खाले
बडा पुआ खाले
ले कौवे बड़ा मेकें दे सुणो घड़ा
ले कौवे ढाल मेकें दे सुणो थाल

…..

In English:

Black, black crow, eat this ghughuta garland
Eat this badaa and pua
Black crow eat badaa, give me a gold pitcher
Black crow eat this shield, give me a gold plate

The advent of mobile phones and WhatsApp messages has also resulted in this morning ritual of Makar Sankranti to be done with messages these days. Once the Ghughute have been offered to the crow, one can enjoy it themselves. Ghughute are also shared with relatives and neighbors. By the end of the day, there is a vessel full of all Ghughute that came from various neighborhood houses that one won't be able to identify which was made by whom. 

Here are some other glimpes of Sankranti celebrations in India from last few trips:

A man with his decorated cattle on Makar Sankranti day

Makar Sankranti special Rangoli at the doorstep in Karnataka

Flower and Sugarcane decoration

Navratri-Dussehra

October 8, 2019

Navratri (नवरात्रि) has been a great festive occasion since childhood. ‘नव’ means nine, ‘रात्रि’ means night. It's a nine-day celebration followed by Dussehra. Various forms of the goddess are worshiped through the nine days. Though she is one, she is represented in many different forms - Durga, Lakshmi, Saraswati for some and then the other 9 forms of her for others. 

As a kid, the last day of Navratri had a huge significance for us, young girls. We will get called to almost every house in the neighborhood, seated in a row our feet were washed, then we were worshipped and fed and at the end given a gift, usually a 1 or 2 rupee coin and sometimes a pencil or handkerchief if we get lucky. The first few of those visits would be great, as one would be with an empty stomach. After that one had to exercise some negotiation skills so that the host doesn’t put extra halwa or puri in the plate before one could protect it with the shield of one's own hands. The women after 9 days of fasting were just looking to get the blessings of the goddess and make their tapas a success through us. The day of Dussehra use to be reserved to go out and see Ravana-Dahan. 

The Devi incarnated to kill the demons and Lord Rama fulfilled his mission long back but what is the significance of these festivals today? On the surface, it looks like the time devoted to the worship of goddesses. One might call it the worship of women or the feminine power. If one goes a level deeper it is the worship of the power of manifestation, the shakti (शक्ति). The word Shakti has its root in the Sanskrit root शक् (Shak) - to be able to do something. Shakti is the energy or the power that creates, nourishes, sustains us and works through us. She is worshiped as hunger, thirst or anything else you name it and she is there.

Dussehra is a good occasion to think about where we are feeding our ravanas. Have the ravana heads in the mind died? The Kama (Lust), Krodha (Anger), Lobha (Greed), Moha (Delusion), Mad (Pride), Matsarya (Jealousy) all sprout like the heads of Ravana through the Ego and the feeling of smallness underneath. The false identification with these lets these heads feel like they belong to us.

Recently at least 3 different people at different levels of affinity with me, acknowledged that they had a feeling of jealousy towards someone. I must say they have got the strength to accept tough emotions otherwise almost everyone has them at some time to varying degrees. How does one resolve them? 

Sage Patanjali mentions ‘Pratipaksha Bhavana’ in the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali. 

वितर्कबाधने प्रतिपक्षभावनम्

‘When one is disturbed by the conflicting thought, one should think of opposite thoughts.’

It is a powerful thought to get back to the self before the Ravana heads are superimposed on others and the ramas are perceived as the killers. The source and the triggers for the ravanas are inside but the outside object is falsely understood as the reason for it. In fact, almost every conflicting emotion finds its root in the false sense of smallness - अपूर्ण भावः. This Dussehra may you focus more on the पूर्ण Rama inside you!

Gujiya

Gujiya

It was Holi last week so I decided to devote this weekend to the famous sweet of Holi celebration : Gujiya. People in North India make gujiya in different ways. I wanted to make Khoa gujiya and had been thinking since yesterday that I will go to Indian store and get some khoa and then the start of day light saving screwed up the whole schedule. So finally at 4pm today I started to make gujiya with some homemade khoa. Here is my recipe (modify the quantity according to the number of gujiyas you want to make). I made around 6 of them. 

Ingredients:
1. 1 bowl of flour (Maida)
2. 1/2 small bowl of Almonds
3. 1/4 small bowl of Cashews
4. 1/4 small bowl Raisins (kishmish)
5. 1/4 small bowl Sooji
6. 2-3 tablespoons Sugar
7. Shredded dry coconut (I did not use it but its also used in the filling)
8. Milk
9. Ghee
10. Khoa

Preparation:
Making Khoa:
I used milk to make khoa. Boil 2-3 cups of milk in a pan and keep stirring in between. Add 1 spoon of lemon juice to make it faster. Let the milk become dry to a granular mix (khoa)

1. Cut almonds and cashews into fine pieces
2. Cut the raisins into half and add to the above mix
3. Roast the sooji and keep aside
4. Add 1 tea spoon ghee to a pan and add the above prepared mix of dry fruits to it
5. Add the khoa and sooji also to it
6. Roast it for a few minutes and then add sugar and keep aside

Filling mix

7. Now prepare the dough for the gujiya shells
8. Add ghee to the maida and mix it well. Add water to the dough and knead it to make it soft
9.  Now make small balls of this dough and make round circles of about 4 inch diameter
10. Since I did not have a gujiya mould available, I just made them myself. I used a paperclip to stick the corners together.  Use maida mixed in few drops of water to stick the corners so as to make a half circular gujiya
11. Make all the gujiya and keep them aside.

Before frying

12. Heat oil/ghee to fry (I did not use ghee to fry) in a deep fry pan
13. Deep fry previously made gujiya on low to medium flame

Serve them hot or on normal temperature. You can even store them for few days.